About Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the prostate gland. When a PSA test is performed, it measures the level of this protein in the blood. Many factors can affect PSA levels, including age, prostate enlargement, infections, recent physical activities like cycling, and even certain medications. Elevated readings do not automatically mean prostate cancer is present, but they may warrant further tests or monitoring.
Why Is PSA Testing Done?
PSA testing can help detect prostate changes before symptoms appear. When levels are higher than expected for a man’s age, this may indicate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), inflammation (prostatitis), or, in some cases, prostate cancer. However, a single test result should be interpreted alongside other factors, such as medical history and any relevant symptoms, to gain a clearer picture.
Interpreting PSA Results
Because no single “normal” PSA range applies to everyone, doctors may repeat tests over time to see if levels are rising. A steady increase could point to an issue that needs more investigation, like a biopsy or imaging scan. In many cases, non-cancerous conditions can also raise PSA, so it’s essential to rule those out before making decisions about treatment.
Pros and Cons of PSA Screening
A key advantage of PSA testing is the possibility of catching potentially aggressive prostate concerns early, which can be important for timely intervention. On the other hand, a downside is the risk of overdiagnosis—treating slow-growing cancers that may never become life-threatening. Additionally, elevated PSA levels can cause worry and lead to unnecessary tests if caused by something minor like an infection.
Ultimately, PSA testing is a tool, not a definitive diagnosis. Men should talk with their healthcare provider to decide if, when, and how often they should be screened, considering family history, risk factors, and personal preferences.
More info/references:
- https://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/psa
- https://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/psa-test/about/pac-20384731